Attack on Freedom

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New York City, Sept. 11, 001- Worst terrorist attack in US history. Four US planes hijacked, two collide into World Trade Center towers, one into Pentagon. Thousands of people killed.

Tuesday, four United States planes taking off on the east coast destined for L.A. were hijacked and used as flying bombs to take out the World Trade Center and parts of the Pentagon. President Bush declared it an act of terror and mass murder.

The first hijacked plane, American Airlines Flight 11, crashed into the upper part of the first World Trade Center at 745 a.m. central time. A second plane, United Airlines flight 175, crashed into the second tower of the World Trade Center 18 minutes later. The third plane hijacked, American Airlines flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon at 114 a.m. The fourth plane, United Airlines flight , crashed in the woods in rural Pennsylvania at 110 p.m.

There were 66 people aboard the four hijacked planes. All on board were killed.




Thousands are suspected to be dead. Over 50,000 people were in the trade center during the crash. Many of those people are still missing.

Three buildings have collapsed already. World Trade Center tower 1, tower and building number 7. Tower was the most devastating. Many people were evacuating as it collapsed. These people included firefighters and rescue workers.

The destruction of these buildings led to debris and dust scattered throughout downtown Manhattan. Specialists believe the crash impact and the full fuel tanks in the plane are to blame for the collapse of the buildings.

Many blame Islamic fundamentalist Osama Bin Laden for the attack. Evidence supporting this claim is very strong. A call was intercepted between bin Laden supporters confirming the targets reached their destination. Bin Laden has been on the FBI’s top ten most wanted list for two years.

Reports from a British journalist stated he had received a warning from Bin Ladens supporters a few weeks earlier. They stated an unprecedented attack would be made on the U.S.

The effects of this attack were spread throughout the country. The FAA grounded every airport in the nation, every federal building was closed, and many businesses were shut down for the day. The U.S. stock exchange was also closed and is scheduled to reopen on Friday.

The nation as a whole as pulled together in this time of need. Red Cross blood drives are overflowing with donors. Many people in New York are volunteering their services in the rescue effort.

Many people have been recovered from the rubble alive, but time is running out for many still trapped. Nearly 00 Firefighters and 87 Policeman are still missing. They were inside the second building trying to rescue citizens when it collapsed.

This is a day that will never be forgotten. The greatest nation in the world has suffered a major blow. However, we will pull together and we will retaliate. We will stand steadfast in our fight for freedom.

Allen Rhodes

World Trade Center bombing questions.

-Eyewitness questions-

Could you hear the explosion and how loud was it?

Was it obvious the planes were aimed towards the building?

Was there anything suspicious leading up to the events today? Noises? Vehicles?

How long will it take for you to go back and work and feel safe at your job? Will you

ever feel safe at work again?

-President Bush questions-

Were you aware of the lack of security at airports?

Do you feel the attacks are over? What leads you to believe this?

What were your first thoughts when you heard about the attack?

What steps will be taken to prevent another event like this?

How do you feel about bin Laden? How aggressively will you go after him?

Was this, without a doubt, an act of war?

-Lead Paragraph-

Worst terrorist attack in US history. Four US planes hijacked, two collide into the World Trade Center towers, one into Pentagon. Thousands kille



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Self-Assessment and Reflection

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Throughout my career as an accountant, I’ve made significant efforts in achieving extensive knowledge in the oil and gas industry. I began as an accounting processor, and after completing my Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting; I was promoted to the position of Accounts Payable Accountant. Since then, I have acquired a great deal of knowledge and strengths. My learning style has enabled me to take advantage of learning opportunities, and use the newly gained knowledge and skills on the job, learning through their application. My greatest strengths are my adaptability to change, effective teamwork, and high work standards. I also know that there are some areas that require improvements and opportunity for growth. These areas include my oral communication skills, drive and motivation, and managing priorities.

My adaptability to change is one of my greatest strengths because I’ve learned to maintain effectiveness when experiencing major changes in work tasks or the work environment. We recently changed accounting software throughout the company, and due to this strength I was able to adjust effectively to the new work structures, processes, and requirements to adapt to this change. I basically treated the change as an opportunity of learning and growth, focused on the positive aspect of the change, and spoke positively of the change to others.

Another one of my strengths is my effective teamwork with others. Throughout my professional career, I’ve been able to establish rapport and a positive working relationship with individuals within or outside the workgroup. I’ve maintained good interpersonal relationships resulting in getting to underlying, unspoken issues and confronting them with minimal defensiveness, hostility, or alienation from others. I proactively attempt to build effective working relationships by showing respect and appreciation for people with varied backgrounds, interpersonal styles, and perspectives.

Although the strengths mentioned above are very important within any organization, my high work standards are what give me an edge over the rest. Companies appreciate and value employees who set high standards of performance for self and others, and who assume responsibility and accountability for the successful completion of assignments or tasks to ensure that no aspect of the work is neglected. I am willing to accept responsibility for both positive and negative outcomes of my work and admit mistakes and refocus efforts if need be.




When learning something new, I prefer to listen to someone talk about the information and reading about a concept to learn it. Because I am a combination of a visual and an auditory learner, I absorb information best by reading via instructional methods and being exposed to such venues as lectures and teleconferences. Hartman (15) believes that once students are actively engaged in their own learning process they begin to feel empowered and their personal achievement and self-direction levels rise. My learning style has enabled me to learn new things within my organization through written communication via e-mails and manuals, as well as seminars and workshops.

One of my opportunities for improvement is my oral communication skill. According to Staley and Shockley-Zalabak (186), having good oral communication skills are a critical component of organizational effectiveness and promotability. I have no problems expressing ideas clearly and effectively in writing, but when it comes to presenting that information orally, I freeze up and am at loss for words. For this reason, I fail at clearly conveying information and ideas to individuals or groups in a manner that engages the audience and helps them to understand and retain the message.

Another weakness is my lack of drive and motivation in some areas. In my last performance review by my supervisor, I was told that I should aggressively pursue goals and work harder to achieve them. It would be great if I could demonstrate initiative by proactively taking action without waiting for others to act, or request action and take actions beyond what is normally expected or required.

Finally, I need improvement on managing my priorities. I have so many responsibilities that I’ve been unable to effectively manage my time and resources to ensure that all work is completed efficiently.

After self-assessing my strengths and opportunities for growth, I now can create an improvement strategy based on this assessment. I will be persistent in taking continuing education classes and attending seminars to keep abreast of current events and technological advances in my field of study to further enhance my strengths. In addition, I will make a special effort to share the knowledge and experience that I’ve learned with others to provide a positive role model in teaching and helping others to learn. I plan to attend regular Toastmasters sessions to promote better oral communication and public speaking success. I will volunteer for more challenging tasks by which I could generate enthusiasm for success and achievement to promote motivation. To better manage priorities, I will use my time effectively by allocating enough time to complete work. I will also set milestones and develop and obey timelines to aid in this process. Additionally, I will develop thorough and realistic long-range plans and strategies and use available resources such as people, processes, departments, and tools to complete work efficiently. In concluding, I plan to actively seek feedback to identify appropriate areas for learning, and use this feedback to regularly create and take advantage of learning opportunities to accomplish organizational and personal goals. With the implementation of these strategies, I hope to gain a newfound sense of confidence that I can incorporate through both my organization and an external venue.

Hartman, Virginia F. (15). Teaching and learning style preferences Transitions

through technology. VCCA Journal , () Summer, 18-0.

http//www.so.cc.va.us/vcca/hart1.htm

Staley, Constance C. & Shockley-Zalabak, Pamela (186). Human Relations, Vol (10),

81-0. Journal URL httpwww.wkap.nl/journalhome.htm/0018-767

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Country Report on Colombia

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Country Report The Republic of Colombia

Columbia A Brief Overview

Colombia, or officially The Republic of Colombia, is the fourth largest country in South America and the third most populous country in the region. In comparison to the United States, Colombia is about the combined size of Arkansas, New Mexico and Texas. Colombia has an estimated population of 4 million people, of which 74% are located in urban areas. Currently, Colombia is immersed in violence by conflicting radical left-wing guerilla groups, right-wing paramilitaries, and the military; each destined to overtake the government. Bloodshed and kidnapping are rampant as extremist groups violently try to intimidate government and business officials. Foreign firms planning to locate to Colombia need to be aware of the turmoil and seriously consider the ramifications of making a significant investment in the country. This paper will illustrate the various, political, cultural, economic and legal hurdles foreign firms must consider before locating to Colombia.

Political Philosophy




Democratic or Totalitarianism

After achieving independence from Spain in 1810, Colombia has become a republic state, comprised of a democratically elected representative system with a strong executive. Two traditional political parties, the Conservatives and Liberals, have long fought for political control. During the ten year period of 148-158 (known as La Violencia) approximately 50,000 Colombians were killed as the Conservatives and Liberals were embattled in a civil war. The violence finally ended when both parties agreed to alternate the presidency and share cabinet positions. The Conservatives and Liberals, predominantly composed of the Colombian upper class, often face violent protest from various rural insurgent groups (FARC, ELN). Newly elected independent president, Alvaro Uribe, has dedicated his tenure to eliminating the violence and drug trafficking controlling his country. Uribe has lobbied for assistance from the United States and other nations, because he believes Colombia’s violence and drug issues are a global problem. Contrasting with many of its Latin American neighbors, Colombia has established a strong and enduring commitment to democracy. Colombia’s revised Constitution, enacted in 11, provides for a highly centralized republic form of government included a strong executive. The president and vice president are elected by popular vote to four year non-renewable terms. International firms considering making an foreign direct investment in Colombia should not place a considerable amount of attention of the country’s “democratic” political system. Although politicians are normally elected by popular vote companies must be aware of Colombia’s unstable political conditions. Political unrest in Colombia prompts numerous terrorist attacks that could hamper international businesses or place business leaders and employees in “harms way”.

Individualism vs. Collectivism

The Republic of Colombia was often subjected to a collectivist mindset until the early 1800s when the country gained independence from Spain. Today Colombia’s political system stresses individual freedom and prosperity over collective goals. As privatization increases and democracy continues to flourish many foreign entrepreneurs and investors become increasingly attracted to doing business in Colombia. As a result of Colombia’s individualistic political system, guerilla groups often demonstrate their distaste by terror bombings and political assassinations. Potential international entrants into the Colombian market normally are welcomed with “open hands” from the government to increase entrepreneurial activity and privatization, in hopes of reducing the country’s unemployment rate and debt. Although most foreign industry’s are welcomed by Colombia’s government, international business managers should be aware of the country’s current turmoil and prepare for protests and attacks from insurgent groups. Often violent guerilla groups feel foreign firms will only increase the riches of the upper class subject the poor to their current state of poverty.

Colombian Culture

Education

Before obtaining independence the Roman Catholic Church controlled the Colombian educational system, but the government increased their control early in the nineteenth century. Today Colombia has one the best educational systems in Latin America, with over 8 million students enrolled in primary, secondary, or higher education averaging an estimated 8. years. Public spending on education in Colombia is nearly 4% of GDP and the country’s literacy rate is 1%, ultimately producing a competitive and well educated work force for future investors. Foreign firms with intentions of locating to Colombia can expect highly educated employees, ultimately reducing the costs of training employees and the risk of have an incompetent workforce.

Language

Spanish is the official language of Colombia, however many ethnic groups speak their own individual languages. The education system includes English in the curriculum, however, few students know it and the language is rarely spoken. Many business people in Colombia understand English, but most foreign firms conducting business there should be fluent in Spanish. For instance, business cards should be printed on one side in English and on the other side in Spanish, however all cards should be presented with the Spanish side facing upward.

Religion

The Colombian constitution guarantees freedom of religion, however, 5% of the population is Roman Catholic. Recently over million followers have left the Catholic Church and began following other faiths, including Mormon, Lutheran, and Anglican

Social Structure

The Republic of Colombia constantly experiences infighting because various political groups (i.e FARC and ELN) believe the balance of riches between the countries upper and lower classes is drastic. Currently, 55% of Colombians live below the poverty line, while few upper class citizens occupy the majority of the countries money. Often many rural Colombian citizens support FARC and the drug cartels to show their disapproval to the Colombian government. Foreign business managers should try to bridge the gap between Colombia’s upper and lower class by bringing jobs that could ultimately benefit the countries poor. Mobility can be achieved in Colombia if individuals are given the opportunity and supplied with ample resources to succeed. By bring jobs to uplift the nations poor, international managers could play a significant role in reducing the violent acts of the FARC and ELN.

Although Colombia’s political system stresses an individualistic philosophy, Geert Hoftstede classifies Colombia as a collectivist society. Colombian people place a high emphasis on relationships and close ties among individuals. Colombia experiences high masculinity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance in society. In essence, Colombia experiences a significant degree of gender differentiation, high inequality among intellectual capabilities, and high uncertainty.



Power Distance Ind. Uncertainty Masc.



Colombia 67 1 80 64

Firms planning to locate to Colombia need to be conscious of Hofstede’s results and determine how they affect operating a successful business. For example, Colombia’s Hofstede score for masculinity was 64 (similar to U.S. score), ultimately suggesting to foreign firms that genders roles are not sharply differentiated. International business managers should realize that females and males are normally not treated any different in Colombia’s business environment. Colombia’s high uncertainty avoidance score should allow international managers to realize that Colombians value job security and retirement benefits. In essence, managers should place a high emphasis on job security to get the efficient production from their employees.

International firms need to be aware of Colombia’s various cultural and workplace dimensions. For example, according to Hofstedes’s four dimensions, Colombia’s culture practices differ greatly from the United States. Foreign firms should be educated on the numerous cultures that exist in each international country they plan to locate to. For instance, punctuality is relaxed in Colombia but foreigners are expected to show up on time.

Economy

The Republic of Colombia contains a mixed economy, whereas most sectors of the economy consist of private ownership and minimal sectors have some state ownership and government planning. Over the past decade the government as dedicated their efforts to obtaining a free market system, emphasizing economic liberalization and major investment ties with the United States. In the early 10’s Colombia undertook an economic reform program to increase international trade and investment, ultimately reducing tariffs, increasing deregulation, and emphasizing the privatization of state-owned enterprises. Although privatization of many sectors of the economy are dominant, government participation still exist in the railway, petroleum, insurance and telecommunications industries. President Uribe maintains that specific state run companies will remain under state control; however, the government is planning to open up more state run firms to private investors in the significant future.

During the mid 10s privatization of Colombian airports, seaports, and financial institutions flourished. Liberalization was successful for nearly five years in Colombia, but the government began to increase the country’s debt due to higher spending on social welfare polices aimed at lower income individuals. As a result, in 1 the Republic of Colombia experienced a horrific recession that they still are trying to recover from. During the recession unemployment in Colombia soared to 0% and the economy shrank by 4.5%. The economy has shown improvement in 001 with the unemployment rate decreasing to 17% and and economic growth rising to 1.5%.

The United States is Colombia’s primary trading partner with combined trading in 001 exceeding $11.8 billion. Many products produced during the last 10 years in Colombia have benefited from the Andean Trade Preferences Act. Under the Act, many products exported to the United States are duty free. Colombia also benefits from the Generalized System of Preferences, an act adopted by developed nations to support imports from developing countries. Foreign firms looking to locate to Colombia should be conscious of the Andean Trade Preferences Act and the GSP because exports to other countries would be significantly cheaper. (Coltrade)

Foreign Direct Investment

Currently, Colombia welcomes foreign investment in virtually all sectors of the economy except for national security, defense, and hazardous wastes disposal. The government has established an institution, Coinvertir, to help foreign firms making an investment in Colombia. Legislation to increase foreign direct investment is based upon three principles; equality, universality, and automatic authorization. In essence, foreign companies are subjected to the same treatment as national firms, foreign investment is open to all sectors (except defense, national security, and toxic waste) and foreign investors may invest in all segments of the economy without government approval (Coltrade). Despite Colombia’s high security risk, foreign investment increased to $4. billion in 001, up from the previous total of $. billion. The government continues to encourage foreign direct investment by offering favorable taxation methods to investors and extensions of credit to new industries. Despite political and drug related violence, Colombia’s economy is steadily improving since the recession of 1.

Legal Aspects of Colombia

Private Property/Intellectual Property

The Colombian Constitution protects all forms of individual rights and intellectual property and establishes that it is the responsibility of the state to make sure those rights is upheld. Although private property rights are enforced in Colombia, the country still remains on the Special 01 “Watch List” for not providing efficient protection on intellectual property rights. Colombia has yet to fully cooperate with the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement in relation to protecting intellectual property. Music piracy has become increasingly rampant in Colombia since 18, with increased illegal reproductions of compact discs.

Corruption

Currently, corruption and bribery are practiced frequently by political leaders, police, and guerilla groups to settle differences and gain support from various groups in Colombia. In 000, the National Planning Department estimated that corruption directly costs Colombia $. a year. The International Monetary Fund estimates that Colombia that Colombia loses approximately $500 million dollars annually from tax evasion and another $600 million from settlements of corrupt politicians. Recently, Colombia’s new president, Alvaro Uribe, dismissed over 100 corrupt custom officials in his first attempt to rid the country of corruption. Transparency International, an international anti-corruption group, ranked Colombia 57th among 10 corrupt nations this year. Foreign firms looking to locate to any country must be aware of corruption and bribery practices, but firms should be extra cautious about corruption in Colombia.

Labor Laws

Colombian law mandates that any employer with at least 0 school age employees and obtains assets over a certain minimum, provide primary schools for their employees if the workplace is more than two kilometers from the nearest school (Coltrade).

Foreign firms with intentions of locating to Colombia must be familiar with the country’s unique labor laws. Colombia has three main labor contracts including, fixed contracts, indefinite contracts, and temporary contracts. In a fixed contract both parties agree upon the duration of employment (1- years). A written notice must be given one month in advance to terminate this contract. Indefinite contracts are not predetermined by either party, but understood to be indefinite. Temporary contracts are agreed upon to be for occasional or temporary work, not consisting of the normal day-to-day activities of the firm. Every labor contracts contains a trial period (no longer than months) that allows the employer to evaluate the employees and each party is allowed to terminate their contract without any compensation during this period. Labor contracts can be terminated for many reasons including death of an employee, mutual agreement, expiration of a contract, and employee resignation (must provide 0 day notice). Foreign business managers should be aware that wages can be negotiated among employer and employee if negotiated wage is equal to or greater than the minimum wage set by the Colombian government. Each year the government establishes a minimum wage for a 48 hour work week (minimum wage in 00 is $117).

In Colombia foreign employees may not account for more than 0% of union leadership and can not be elected into any leadership positions. Colombian companies with more than 10 employees may comprise only 10% of their workforce with foreign employees. Although the wage rate is considerably cheaper in Colombia compared to the United States, foreign managers need to adjust and comply with Colombian labor regulations. Often many U.S. firms locating to another country plan to relocate a percentage of their domestic employees to ensure operation are ran successfully, but in Colombia managers need to be aware of the strict laws mandating a maximum number of foreign employers. In essence, foreign firms locating to Colombia must be willing to hire Colombian natives for leadership and other valuable positions.

Violence and Drug Trafficking

The Colombian government continues to battle violent guerrilla groups and narcotic traffickers as peace agreements have failed. The two major guerrilla groups, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) are composed of approximately ,000 Colombians and claim to represent the rural poor opposing Colombia’s wealthy class. FARC and ELN routinely carry out kidnappings, hijackings, and assassinations against political figures. The challenge of the government is to preserve the country’s democratic system while eliminating the violence of these insurgent groups. FARC obtains approximately $00 million annually from the profits of Colombian drug trade and ransom kidnappings.

Colombia, the world’s largest producer of coca, a cocaine derivative, is responsible for 0% of the cocaine that enters the United States. Colombia drug trafficking, led by the infamous Cali Cartel, brings in an estimated $5 billion annually. In addition to the significant amount of cocaine exported from Colombia, exportation of heroin and marijuana continue to increase. The United States has donated $1. billion and volunteered military assistance in an effort to reduce Colombia’s drug trafficking. Currently Colombia has resorted to spraying pesticides on coca plantations to reduce the production of the drug. As a result, many coca farmers have aligned with FARC, ultimately planning more violent protest against the Colombian government.

Colombia’s Attractiveness Benefits, Costs, Risk

Benefits

Foreign firms need to be aware of the numerous benefits, costs, and risks associated with doing business in Colombia. Benefits of locating a foreign firm in Colombia include the countries population (third most populous country in South America) and attractive location. Colombia is located in the northwest of South America with easy access to United States ports. In addition, Colombia is an urbanized society with a literacy rate of 1%, therefore employees will be educated enough to work for foreign firms. Many international firms planning to locate to Colombia must be conscious to the benefits of first-mover advantages. Although Colombia is currently inflicted with many violent opposing political groups, early entrant firms into the country could reap significant benefits if peace negotiations are successfully implemented.

Costs

Colombia presents foreign firms with many costs associated with doing business there. For instance, Colombia has one of the highest taxation levels in Latin America, comprised of four internal and two external taxes for investors. Included in the external taxes are tariffs and various taxes on imports. In 15 the Colombian Congress passed The Special Tax Stability Regime, approving government to guarantee a fixed tax rate up to ten years for foreign investors. Most companies operating in Colombia are forced to pay for ransom insurance policies because of the frequent occurrence of kidnapping.

International companies are constantly presented with numerous risk related to doing business in Colombia. Colombia is a country ravaged by war from dueling political groups, and currently is the third largest recipient of United States aid. Wealthy or prominent business leaders always have to be cautious in Colombia because of the countries high kidnapping rate. The U.S. State Department estimates that more than ,000 people are kidnapped each year in Colombia.

Risks

International firms planning to locate to Colombia often face political risk from the countries numerous insurgent groups. FARC and ELN often are involved in numerous kidnappings and other violent terrorist like activities. Colombia also presents international firms with intellectual property problems. Firms must be aware Colombia does not currently comply with most intellectual property laws, ultimately putting many firms at risks of losing their intellectual property. In addition to violent political groups and weak intellectual property laws, Colombia also exposes many international companies to corruption. Corruption exists in Colombian politics, national defense, and the legal system, therefore it may not be profitable for businesses to operate in Colombia if several groups have to be paid off.

Conclusion

Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Colombia | Introduction



Spanish, plus over 00 indigenous languages Religion Catholic 5 ... view slideshow ... Lonely Planet guides to Colombia and the world. order now...



From http//www.lonelyplanet.com/dest/sam/col.htm





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Eco-friendly architecture

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Recycled materials are being used in architecture more and more, so why is it that the use of new construction materials continue to dominate the field of building construction? What is the emphasis being placed on the material being taught and how does the buildings that students are being taught in effects their way of thinking?

Recycled materials in construction can help reserve materials around the world. If the common architecture student knows this, why do they continue to design buildings with new materials? Architecture students learn about recycled materials and how to use them, but there is no emphasis on the importance of recycled materials. Teachers are not instilling the long range intelligence of knowing that recycled materials help preserve the earth. The use of new materials can be more costly than recycled materials in the long run. “Students hear about global responsibility while being educated in institutions that often spend their budgets and invest their endowments in the most irresponsible things” (Orr 14). Instructor emphasis cannot be the only thing changing the thought process of students, but also the buildings they learn in and their surroundings.

Architecture students learn how to use the materials they build with in a class room that is not built with the earth in mind and therefore the student learns that “the environmental and energy costs of building do not matter much” (Orr 11). Eco-friendly design is not usually the focus of the architect and the earth suffers because of it. The design of a building could have a big effect on the way the student learns. “We have assumed, wrongly I think, that learning takes place in buildings, but that none occurs as a result of how they are designed, or by whom, how they are constructed and from what materials, how they fit their location and how well they operate” (Orr 11).

Eco-friendly architecture is more than a way to preserve the earth it makes a statement to the community about the type of person you are and can influence the world around you. “The architectural process is an opportunity to learn something about the relationship between ecology and economics” (Orr 114). A good educational environment is a great way to promote student learning. Architectural involvement along with instructor emphasis on the importance of the material can change society for the better.






Please note that this sample paper on Eco-friendly architecture is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Eco-friendly architecture, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Eco-friendly architecture will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Workplace Violence

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“John! You’re going to be late for work!” his wife berated as he’s running out the door. Normally John doesn’t have a problem getting to work on time. But today is different. Nothing seems to be going right--like last night when he got a turkey sandwich for dinner instead of the steak he wanted. This morning he woke up late and had to rush himself to get ready for work. Events like these don’t set well with John. “Everything will get better when I get to work,” he thinks. John has an interview with the vice president of his company for a promotion this morning. He can hardly contain his feelings of happiness even with his previous misfortunes. Everybody at work has assigned parking spaces, and his space happens to be right in front of the building. As he is pulling up to his parking space, he notices that someone else has parked there. “Damn! Now I have to park in the visitor parking lot,” he hissed. Unfortunately, for John, it’s a long walk from where he parked. Making his way to the office building, he continued thinking, “Everything will get better when I get to work.” As he enters the vice-president’s office, he notices someone else sitting in the chair that he should have been sitting in. “Hello. I’m here for the 800 O’clock appointment,” he says. “Oh-uh, sorry, John, but we just found someone else to fill that position. At that moment every bit of rage that John has been holding back bursts out in a tornado of yelling and verbal slander. Nothing can be done to calm John down. Nobody knows what to do, so they just stand out of the way in fright. Allowing John to continue his fit of rage only makes the situation worse. He then pulls out a knife that he usually uses only for work purposes and turns it into an instrument of death. He runs around the vice-president’s desk, stabs him, and watches him die. Only if someone had done something to prevent him from getting to the point of murder, a life could have been saved. Scenarios just as this one demonstrate that workplace violence is real. Because workplace violence is increasing, employers and employees must find ways to prevent violence in the workplace and learn to deal with economical issues.

Increasing workplace violence has become a major concern for businesses. Throughout the United States workplace violence has caused tremendous amounts of injured or killed workers. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health found that an average of 0 workers are murdered each week. An estimated 1 million cases of nonfatal attacks occur each year (Violence in the Workplace 1). One article notes that “Eight percent of all rapes, 7% percent of all robberies, and 16% of all assaults occur at work” (“Preventing Workplace Violence” 1). “Preventing Workplace Violence”, an article in The Weintraub Newsletter, reports that employees or former employees are responsible for % of workplace assaults (1). This increase in violence can be caused by many different issues. One issue could be related to company change. Preventing Violence in the Workplace explains that when companies “down-size, reorganize, reengineer, and demand more of each employee”, they add higher levels of stress (Mattman ). Edward J. Tully, author of Workplace Violence�How Police Can Help, reveals that people find it difficult adjusting to “rapid changes in our workforce culture” (). Other issues are social problems, substance abuse, illegal drug scams, terminations, and poverty (Mattman ). As our society continues to grow, so will our issues, escalating violence. Obviously, increasing violence in the workforce is a problem that must not be taken for granted.

In order to decrease violence in the workplace, employers and employees must use preventative measures. New hiring procedures can keep potentially dangerous people out of the workforce. Screening procedures like background investigations allow companies’ access to criminal, employment, financial, and military records that could aid them in identifying a violent individual (Mattman 4). In addition to hiring procedures, a violence prevention program is necessary. First, a documenting system for violent incidents must be established. Once the information has been documented, it can be used to develop a necessary prevention program policy (Violence in the Workplace 7). One program issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration includes five “key elements”, which are “management commitment and employee involvement, worksite analysis, hazard prevention and control, training and education, and evaluation” (Health Letter on the CDC ). Probably the most ideal way to combat violence is through education. Violence in the Workplace explains that “training should emphasize the appropriate use and maintenance of protective equipment, adherence to administrative controls, and increased knowledge and awareness of the risk of workplace violence” (6). Richard V. Denenberg, author of The Violence-Prone Workplace, suggests that good mediation skills are “valuable” in response to a potential crisis by resolving the matter quickly (18). Stephen Skinner, President of Skinner’s Corner Store, suggests that a “zero-tolerance policy” should be set from day one. According to this policy, violence will result in termination from job (Personal interview). Mark Braverman, author of Preventing Workplace Violence, clearly points out that employees must learn to get more involved with company policies and procedures if violence is to be prevented (17-8). It is important that businesses use preventative measures to reduce the risk of violence, because it can only get worse.

Ultimately, businesses are financially weakened by workplace violence. This is caused by costly litigations and lost productivity. When a lawsuit is filed, responsibility often lies with the company to pay the out of court costs, which add up to a substantial amount. One case involved a postal worker awarded $4.5 million for being shot by a co-worker (Mattman ). “Workplace Violence Can Happen Here,” an article by Susan M. Heathfield, reports that workplace violence costs U.S. businesses “$6 billion per year” (). Lost productivity is caused by the “unavailability of the killed or injured worker, work interruptions caused by police and internal security investigations, damage to the facility, and decreased efficiency and productivity due to post-traumatic stress syndrome” (Mattman ). What is productivity without a solid reputation? Nothing if you ask the average businessman. People don’t want to be associated with an unfriendly environment, according to Stephen Skinner, President of Skinner’s Corner Store (Personal Interview). Having a bad reputation will decrease sales and productivity (Personal interview). Clearly, something must be done to safeguard American businesses from workplace violence. If they are left defenseless, future consequences are certainly at hand.




After reviewing increasing workplace violence, the need for violence prevention, and the economical hardships caused by workplace violence, one can clearly see that if immediate action isn’t taken to decrease violence, the economy of the entire nation will be in jeopardy. Fear should be erased from the workplace. Instead, a feeling of security and accomplishment should take its place.



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CHANGE IN WORKPLACE ATTITUDES

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HRM has expanded over the years from being the personnel department, which were only concerned with recruiting staff and keeping employment records. Now they have changed and become HRM practitioners, which are now concerned and deal with the employees throughout their entire employment cycle i.e., establishing, maintaining and terminating staff. Organisations change the way they manage their human recourses, as humans need change. As humans are the organizations main resources they cannot run without them and therefore they are forced to satisfy their needs and motivate them.

The change that is occurring at the organization tripac a car part manufacturer is downsizing and outsourcing. Tripac has downsized its entire staff including their HRM department and then has outsourced its staff via an employee-leading firm. During a change there are pressures, which are placed on organisations to change their HRM polices and procedures. These pressures include a change in attitudes, technology changes and changes in legislation. When technological changes occur the organization is forced to update their systems along with their skills. A change in legislation includes Industrial relations/employee relations, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action and occupation health and safety. The organization including their HRM need to be aware of these legislations as they could face legal penalties, for that reason they are forced/pressured to change the way they operate. An example of how HRM processes and procedures may change in an organization is when recruiting, due to the pressures of change it now has to consider the changes in employment packages and also legal requirements, i.e. EEO. Training can also change due to the change, that is when a change in technology occurs, staff need to be trained for the new skills required.

One source of change in Human resource management is a change in attitudes. The changes in workplace attitudes, forces an organizations HRM department to change these changes include industrial democracy and flexibility. Industrial democracy has changed employee participation in the workplace, which has made it a more decentralised structure in the workplace both directly and indirectly. Another area of change in workplace attitudes is flexibility, which refers to the staff and their ability to be flexible in the way they work.

Due to those changes mentioned an organization may change by for example management now needs to provide staff with specific needs. The structure and activities are also affected by the change. For instance the legislation of occupation health and safety, the organization may develop a safety department or person to be responsible for that area.




And also in relation to the change management styles and skills will too become affected. For example if management were autocratic it will need to change to become a participative or consultative style of management, and naturally with a new style of management new skills will develop or old skills will develop. I.e. a participative/consultative management will need to have good communication and negotiating skills, in order to involve staff. Employee involvement may improve as a result of the change as the employees are more motivated. They will feel more like part of the organization and also there may be an increase of positive attitude due to the management style change, which may mean that management is more approachable

After the change has occurred the effectiveness needs to be evaluated. The change in human resource management could be measured by such factors as productivity, the number of staff absences, profit and losses, and motivation and employee participation. The success of the change is measures by the key performance indicators qualitative and quantitative. It is important to produce both quantity and quality. For instance and organization concentrating purely on quantity without quality may result in having large amounts of rejects, and therefore will require rework, which is time and cost consuming.

The organization Tripac have used the indicator of productivity to show that the change has been successful. The indicator shows that they have made more than one million dollars within the change (outsourcing) and also their output has increased up to almost fifty percent. Tripac could also use benchmarking to compare its own outcomes with those that have also been in a similar situation. Tripac uses both qualitative and quantitative measures, as evidence it shows that their produce rejection rates have fallen thirty seven percent while their out put has risen.

Tripac has had a change in their human resource policy. They have outsourced its entire workforce, and no longer have a human resource department. There were pressures that were not in favour of this change aft Tripac. The union disagrees with outsourcing as they argue that the organization treats them as ‘second class labour’, that is they never get to see their employers. The disagree with the concept as the staff now do not receive extras that permanent staff receive, such as holiday pay, annual leave and sick pay.

The change was brought about at Tripac when they started loosing money, and by following the trend of the U.S, it outsourced its staff so they could now concentrate on producing instead of its human resources. As a result of this change their looses became profits. Certain activities have changed due to the change. The major change would be the recruiting, maintaining and terminating of staff, on account that it is now done by the employee-0leasing firm (Elblue) which acts as Tripacs HRM. The structure has also changed, as now the staff structure is now a more flexible workforce compared to before.

Overall the change at Tripac was effective and successful as it achieved its objective of turning its losses into profits.



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healthlite yogurt

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Background

Healthlite Yogurt Company is a leader in the yogurt and related healthy products marketplace in the U.S. Healthlite has corporate headquarters in Danbury, Connecticut and has several production plants in different states in the U.S.A. Healthlite has grown rapidly and is looking toward improving its business by making its sales and ordering processes more efficient.

Identification of Major Information Systems Issues

· Inefficient communications and systems enterprise-wide




· Inefficient order process

· Inefficient reporting process between sales and corporate

· Accounting discrepancies between sales and headquarters

· Conservative nature of management and rapid growth of the company contribute to information systems inefficiencies

· Management wants to reduce headcount by implementing a more effective system

Analysis of Issues

The purpose of this analysis of issues is to provide an in-depth look at the major information systems issues and to provide ways in which Healthlite can resolve the problems identified above. The Organization Overview, Major Business Processes, and Analysis of Problems explain the inefficiencies in the systems. The Management Plan, Major Business Process Changes, Major New Technology Components, Steps to Handle Conversion, Quality Assurance Measures, and Organizational Impact sections address the ways to resolve these inefficiencies.

Organization Overview

In the following paragraphs, the overview of the Healthlite Yogurt Company will be discussed according to the listed categories organizational structure, products, and major business processes.

Organizational Structure

· Healthlite has corporate headquarters in Danbury, Connecticut and several production plants in New Jersey, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, and California.

· At the corporate headquarters, Healthlite has a central mainframe computer system to maintain most of the major business processes. In each production plant, a minicomputer system connects to the mainframe and receives customer orders and related information from headquarters.

· Healthlite has experienced rapid growth for the past five years, and it also faces local competitors entering the market who offer faster delivery and lower price.

· Customer files are maintained at corporate headquarters, and credit verification is determined there as well. This information can be transferred to the minicomputers in the local production plants.

· Healthlite has 0 sales regions, each with approximately 0 sales representatives and a regional sales manager. Additionally, Healthlite has a 1-person marketing group at corporate headquarters.

· Salespeople can retrieve and view customer information in the regional office to get customer data. However, they must mail manual sales reports to the corporate headquarters.

Products

· The core products of Healthlite are yogurt and health-related products. Yogurt has a very short shelf life, and it must be moved very quickly.

· Because Healthlite has a series of yogurt-based products, such as frozen desserts and low-fat salad dressing, it needs to adjust its share of shelf space in the grocery store to have more shelf space to display its new products.

· Healthlite is also facing the pressures from local competitors, because local competitors are offering faster delivery from local production centers and are providing lower prices to capture the current market.

Major Business Processes

Order Processing

The current ordering process is described in the following

· The current system requires sales representative to generate customer orders and write hard-copy tickets to place orders manually through the mail or by fax to headquarters. Each ticket lists the amount and kind of product ordered by the customer account. Often, orders are delayed when the fax machines break down.

· Approximately 0 workers at corporate headquarters receive the order information and then open, sort, and enter the order tickets from regional office. Those workers handle 500,000 order tickets per week.

· The complete ordering information is transmitted every evening from the mainframe in corporate headquarters to minicomputer at each of Healthlite’s processing sites.

· The processing center produces the amount and type of yogurt ordered and then ships the orders. The shipping managers at the processing centers assign the shipments to various transportation carriers to deliver the products to regional receiving warehouses.

Sales

· Each salesperson is able to store and to retrieve data for assigned customer accounts using the minicomputer system in the regional office.

· Salespeople need to produce individual reports, including printouts of orders, rejection notices, and customer account inquiries. These reports are printed at the regional offices and then mailed to the marketing group at corporate headquarters.

· The sales and marketing data are manually maintained in the regional office while the corporate headquarters only stores the consolidated enterprise-wide files for customer accounts, orders, and billing data in the mainframe system.

· Because sales and marketing data are maintained manually in the regional office, managers sometimes need to make telephone calls to subordinates and piece the information together to get the up-to-date data.

· The present results from the current sales process follow.

o Salespeople are choking on paper by manually completing two forms per customer order and sales reports. Because salespeople often have almost 80 customers, they delay the ordering process by having to complete so much paperwork delays.

o Because of the delays in processing customer orders, Healthlite spends between 4 and 14 days to process and ship an order, depending on mail delivery rates.

o Accounting discrepancies of $1.5M annually exist between the sales force and headquarters.

Marketing

· The marketing group in the corporate headquarters needs sales and marketing information to do product planning, to make pricing decisions, to complete product advertising and promotional campaigns, and to forecast market potential for the new and existing products.

· Needed sales and marketing data, such as sales and advertising expenses, promotional campaigns, and customer shelf space devoted to Healthlite products, are maintained manually at the regional offices.

Analysis of Healthlite’s Problems

What are Heathlite’s problems?

· The order process is slow and inefficient. Inefficiency comes from writing customer orders manually and from the lack of reliability of the current fax transmissions. Also, duplicate data entry happens in both regional offices and corporate headquarters, which generates more errors.

· Accounting discrepancies between the sales and headquarters have reached $1.5 million.

· Inefficient systems

o Duplicate data entry and processing increase inefficiency and generate more manual errors.

o Information is fragmented in both the regional offices and the corporate headquarters. Healthlite does not have a central location to unify and to store useful information for management decision-making.

o Healthlite’s inefficient distribution system fails to send the right goods to the right places on time.

· Inefficient communications

o The current communication method is not efficient and reliable because communication between sales managers and sales representatives has been primarily through the mail or by telephone.

o Sales managers have to combine sales data manually by phone call to subordinates or by receiving information through the mail.

· Lack of important decision-related reports for managers

o Management has to generate information for planning and for monitoring the performance of the sales force. Additionally, the information on the performance of specific products, product lines, or brands is compiled manually.

o Management also needs to be able to monitor the efficiency of the distribution of Healthlite’s products and customer services.

How are these problems related to existing business processes and systems?

· Sales and marketing problems have resulted from current inefficient, duplicated, and slow ordering processes, from the lack of a centralized data collection facility, and from regional plants mailing materials to headquarters.

· Communication problems have resulted from Healthlite’s inability to utilize communication technology, such as Internet or Intranet, and from its inability to meet its enterprise-wide communication needs efficiently.

What management, organization, and technology factors contributed to these problems?

· Healthlite’s management is conservative and resistant to change, and they do not have a positive outlook on technology. The only technology on which they support is proven technology.

· Healthlite is experiencing rapid growth, and the current information system is incapable of dealing with increasing sales, marketing, and production tasks.

· The current telecommunication infrastructure in Healthlite cannot meet enterprise-wide communication needs.

· Communication between sales managers and salespeople has been primarily through the mail or by telephone. Because most of internal communications are achieved by mail and telephone, inefficiencies and communication lags are increased.

Management Plan

A project team will be formed to develop the overall management plan to address Healthlite’s existing problems as well as to provide solutions to the problems. Healthlite desires to redesign its order process and related sales and marketing processes to improve efficiency inside the company as well as to increase its competitive advantage in the market. During the system development life cycle, the company can use a joint application development approach, or JAD, to expedite the generation of information requirements and thus greatly help develop the initial systems design. A Gantt chart will be used to depict the overall management plan for improving Healthlite’s problems (see Appendix 1). The Gantt chart includes a list of objectives, a tentative time frame, and major milestones.1 The projected time frame depicted on the Gantt chart will likely change as the project team gets further involved in the development process and defines Healthlite’s system changes.

Assessment of the costs and benefits

Costs

· Investment in the new order processing system and relevant hardware.

· Investment in installing telecommunication infrastructure.

· Outsourcing fee for running a sales-oriented website and an Intranet.

· Personnel cost, such as hiring a systems director and other system specialists.

Benefits

· Increased productivity and lower operational costs from the new order processing system.

· Reduction in employees attributed to order processing system automation.

· More timely distribution of products and services.

· Higher client satisfaction from value-added customer service.

· Improved decision-making through the use of efficient information systems.

· Improved resource control and organizational planning.

· Increased job satisfaction for regional sales people.

Major Business Process Changes

The following major changes are required to achieve the plan.

· Eliminate the use of hard-copy tickets to place orders.

· Enter sales orders directly into enterprise-wide system instead of using workers to sort and to enter order tickets. Allow all systems users to have access to this data for analysis purposes.

· Eliminate the use of the mail and fax machines for taking orders. Orders can be placed directly through the web site.

· Stop mailing printed reports for individual salespeople and sales offices. Salespeople can access the system for needed information at anytime.

· Stop writing and mailing monthly reports from sales representatives to regional headquarters. Sales information will be generated automatically from the system.

· Allow managers to access up-to-date sales data in the new system anytime they want. This eliminates their need to call subordinates and the need to piece information together.

· Improve communication between sales managers and sales representatives. Announce promotional campaigns or pricing discounts by immediately spreading them throughout the enterprise-wide system.

· Deploy Customer Relationship Management tools to help with ordering, customer history management, complaints, and real-time tracking service.

· Reduce the time involved to process orders to deliver shipments more timely.

Major New Technology Components of the Plan

When analyzing Healthlite’s needs to implement technology supporting the new business processes, an enterprise system would best meet the requirements. An enterprise system would link enterprise-wide information processes, thus improving the overall business efficiency. When the entire company is able to use a single software system, all departments can share information freely. Enterprise systems provide companies with an all-encompassing information system technology platform. This technology platform results in a single data warehouse that can be used by different departments to input and to obtain enterprise-wide, standardized information. Further, the system allows for data storage in one data warehouse, which will avoid redundancy and inaccurate information issues. The data should be grouped by processing plants, but accessible to all users. This storage process will allow for differentiation among processing plants while allowing for enterprise-wide search capability. Thus, the enterprise system is key to the Healthlite’s success as it moves into the future.

By installing an enterprise system into the Healthlite business, managers will be supporting business processes that will make the company more efficient. It will allow for scalability and for encompassing all business areas within the system. The enterprise system will allow for centralized data collection and entry. A centralized entry system will result in the reduction of or the elimination of paper passing throughout the company. This system will also provide employees the option of viewing reports on-line that will result in the reduction of printing, which will only be done when necessary. This additional feature will aid managers and market analysts by providing them with the ability to collect more accurate information to assist them in accurate sales planning, decision-making, and marketing strategy development.

Healthlite must also improve the telecommunications infrastructure enterprise-wide. E-mail capabilities will be needed throughout the company in order to eliminate the ineffective communication within the company. Additionally, the company will add Intranet and Internet that will improve its day-to-day operations.

Steps Managers Must Take to Handle Conversion From Old to New

The following are the steps that managers need to take to ensure successful conversion.

· Make sure to get buy-in from senior management. Ensure that senior managers lead the change process.

· Inform employees of upcoming changes and solicit volunteers to form the development team. Ensure that the development team involves both IT and business personnel.

· Throughout the process, involve all employees to ensure their support in making changes, to complete the design of the new system and business processes, and to ensure user acceptance before implementation. Additionally, continuously document the new processes for training and scope change purposes.

· Establish milestone meetings that will address feedback and that will facilitate the conversion process throughout the steps of the development lifecycle.

· Encourage e-mail updates about development productivity from the development team to the users as well as to management.

· Provide training and documentation throughout the process. Also, prepare user manuals prior to implementation.

· Follow the implementation with trouble-shooting user support.

Quality Assurance Measures

Quality assurance is important to ensuring the success of any project. Specifically, Healthlite will need to make all people as well as all functions within the organization responsible for business quality. Some measures as discussed by Laudon and Laudon in Management Information Systems that are important to Healthlite’s business process as the company implements the new system are the following

· Simplify the ordering and sales processes by focusing on reducing the cycle time and by eliminating task redundancy.

· Benchmark changes desired with other companies that have similar processes.

· Use customer expectations and requirements as a guide to improve products and services. Design questionnaires to solicit feedback from customers in the design process.

· Increase the precision of production as the order and selling processes relate to the production process.

Organizational Impact of Solution

When evaluating the business impacts of the implementation of the enterprise system, a number of factors must be taken into account. It is important to keep business employees involved in order to ensure user acceptance throughout the design and implementation of the new system. In the Healthlite business, senior management has voiced the desire to reduce headcount modestly, and thus management must address morale issues when they are adjusting with changes. Management will therefore accomplish this by having open communication and by establishing support groups that will aid employees in the turnover process.

Senior management acceptance and understanding as well as strong management leadership are paramount to a successful implementation. If management does not support the process or if management fails to use the software successfully, they will perpetuate negative attitudes and incompetence. Likewise, the business personnel structure will change from a technology standpoint. Healthlite will need to hire technologically advanced employees to take a leadership role in managing the system. Lastly, the current organization is highly decentralized across various locations throughout the United States, which could create problems in the implementation of the new system and in the design of new processes. Thus, it will be vital to ensure that all of the company’s processing plants are involved throughout the entire systems development lifecycle.

Conclusions

Healthlite has developed a good foundation for developing the company into the future. The company has managed to show success with the business given its existing inefficiencies. The organization utilizes minimum technology to conduct daily activities. Throughout the highly decentralized organization, many people are doing redundant activities and writing much on paper that could be transmitted electronically. Because of the rapid growth of the company, Healthlite needs to implement systems changes quickly to improve its processes and to get the product to the customer in a timelier, efficient manner.

Healthlite’s management is very conservative and needs guidance in determining a proven system that will suit its needs. It is important to ensure management’s support in this process in order to lead the changes effectively and carry the company into the future as well as to guarantee its competitive advantage.

The company needs to understand the importance of using the systems development lifecycle. This process is paramount to developing a system that will be useful for the company. Furthermore, this process is an important tool to establish efficient procedures when developing programs that will best fit Healthlite’s needs.

An enterprise system will be important to leading Healthlite into the future. While the company is presently only focusing on the ordering, sales, and marketing processes, Healthlite management needs to realize that the CRM system is going to need to be scalable for this business. Healthlite’s recent business growth indicates that the company could enjoy growth in the future as well. Thus, Healthlite needs a big-picture perspective to resolve the information systems problems during this system development, acknowledging the potential for further growth.

The company needs to identify and eliminate the sources of the accounting discrepancies between headquarters and the sales force. Management is likely relying on this information to make decisions, and they are thus potentially making business decision on bad data. Prior to implementation, management needs to resolve these problems such that they do not perpetuate through the new system.

Management needs to realize that it will take some time to recognize the headcount reductions. In order to do a successful implementation, all employees will be needed to ensure a smooth cutover. Once the learning curve of the new system has been overcome, management can consider its headcount reduction.

Recommendations

· Healthlite should install an entire enterprise system and not limit itself to the CRM component. However, Healthlite could use a phased approach toward implementing the enterprise software, starting with the order and sales process.

· The systems development team needs to focus its development process on eliminating the existing business inefficiencies in manual reporting, hand order-tickets, and mail and fax order taking. Additionally, the development team needs to follow the systems development lifecycle to establish its new CRM system.

· Representatives of all users need to be involved in developing the system, and all users need to be informed of upcoming changes.

· Healthlite should implement e-mail and Intranet use to improve its internal communications and productivity throughout the entire business.

· The company needs to focus on providing value-added customer service by involving the customers in the design process as well as using questionnaires to solicit feedback from customers on a regular basis.



Please note that this sample paper on healthlite yogurt is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on healthlite yogurt, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on healthlite yogurt will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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vincent van gogh

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on vincent van gogh. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality vincent van gogh paper right on time.

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Portrait of the Peasant

by Vincent van Gogh.

Vincent van Gogh has always been an interesting artist who has captured the attention and admiration of many artists, critics and mere admirers. Like many artists during his life he suffered many disappointments, which in turn caused him to go through some transitions in style and subject matter regards to his work. It is quite interesting to actually see the changes that occurred in his life through his work, a gift that not many artists are blessed with in their lives.

Appropriately enough, as I entered the Norton Simon Museum, I noticed two bright colored paintings by van Gogh. One of the paintings was entitled “ The Mulberry Tree” and the other “Portrait of a Peasant”. He painted both of these in Arles in 188, a time of an obvious transition in his style and approach to color. However, it is the later of the two paintings that really caught my attention. While both paintings were colorful and endearing, what instantly attracted me to “Portrait of a Peasant” was the way in which van Gogh used the colors at their truest value to not only display an image, but also to display emotion. The intense eye-catching colors of this piece brightened up the entire room of the museum.




The work is painted using oil on a canvas, illustrated a peasant named Patrience Escalier, an old gardener and shepard. Escalier was chosen as the subject of his painting partly because he reminded van Gogh of his own father. In this work, van Gogh positioned Escalier very close to the plane. This technique was inspired by Japanese printings that used a different approach in illustrating a portrait. This is why the face of peasant is really flat and the lines are outlined, surfacing the picture plane. The background is not like one in traditional portrait, rather a pure color of blue. This color is used in different values of bright blue in fast brushstrokes, which directs the eye towards the background. The brushstrokes are intense, as if woven together.

In contrast to the blue background, the peasant is wearing a bright yellow straw hat. Horizontal curvy brushstrokes are used more liberally, which complete the hat covering the forehead of the peasant. In my opinion, the use of bright yellow in contrast to the blue, actually connects the peasant with the background of the painting. These bright colors represent the mood and stage of van Gogh’s career. In a letter to his brother Theo in Paris, he talks a great deal about this work. In his own words he describes, “Behind the head, instead of a painting the ordinary wall of the mean room, I paint infinite, a plane back round of the most riches, intense blue that I can contrive, and by this simple combintaion of the bright head against the rich blue background, I get mysterious effects, like a star in the depths of an azure sky”().

In addition the contrast and symbolism of the colors, the facial features of the peasant are also quite intriguing. These facial features consist of intense circular brushstrokes around the eyes that focus on the obvious tired look of the peasant. The use of warm red in the cheekbones perhaps emphasizes on a badly sunburned man who works out on the field all day long. Escalier is also unshaved, which also exemplifies the type of life peasant’s lead. The artist can truly represent the struggles of peasants, because he actually began his career by drawing peasant after working in the coal-mining district in Belgium. He witnessed the bad conditions and poverty striken lifestyle of these peasants and felt compelled to capture these scenes in early sketches and then in paintings. It was the life and hardships of the peasants that actually led him in his career as a painter. Van Gogh had done most of his peasant paintings in Belgium. With the dark and cold climate of this region, most of his peasant paints follow the mood and climate of the country.

After some time, he moved to Paris to live with his brother Theo. During this time, his influences changed as he studied the modern innovations of Impressionists like Passer, Degas, and Gaugin. Discovering the light colors of these artist and combining it with his fast brushstroke technique, van Gogh established his true style that made him quite famous.

However, it was not until he moved to Arles that he began painting with the vibrant colors and new techniques that are found in “ Portrait of a Peasant”. In Arles, during the last two and a half years of his life, he painted most of his masterpieces. Where he achieved most of his artistic genius and executed more than 100 paintings, of which only two were portraits of peasants. In the other painting, van Gogh presents Escalier with a vivid orange background, almost flashing at the viewer. In a letter to his brother Theo he mensions “ ...Instead , I imagine the man I have to paint, terrible in the furnace of the height of harvestime, as surrounder by the whole Midi. Hence the orange colors flashing like lightning, vivid as a red-hot iron and hence the luminous tones of old gold in the shadows...”(546)

In short, this painting is more that just a interesting or beautiful piece of work. It is representative of a man, a time, and a transition that would one day make him immortal. This painting is one that combines his old and new style, and ultimatly giving us an extraordinary piece of work.



The List of Works Cited.

1. Norton Simon Museum. “Vincent van Gogh ; Painter, Printmaker, Collector.” 10.

(Letter #50) p.

. Rewald, John. “Post-Impressionsim From Van Gogh to Gauguin.” 178,

pp 56- 551

. Tilborgh & Heugten. “Vincent van Gogh Paintings” 10

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Het product is geimporteerd in containers en opgeslagen in een warehuis en vanuit daar gedistributeerd.

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Australian Drama and Theatre

The Seven Stages of Grieving, collaborated by Wesley Enoch and Dintrusive and murderous “white people.” In the Invasion poem, it dictates the events of a woman being raped whilst her mother is murdered and her children are taken away from her,

“One took a handful of my hair and led my head to their

knee… Together they ploughed my feet. My feet…. My




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The protest of my mother’s mother cut short by a single

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This is a representation and it symbolizes all those people affected by the stolen generation. This poem carries a very powerful emotion which is not easy to express. The tick at the beginning creates a feeling of spaciousness and it makes it feel like time is being created. The poem is a reflection of past events an it is in a mellow but agonizing mood

A lot of information is given about Garry, Dave and Christine. They each have tragic pasts that give reasoning to their behavior and their personality changes and modifications throughout the course of the play. A problem with anger is Garry’s issue which is a result of his childhood. Garry never had good role models to show him how to love another human being. He missed the phase where you get is too busy trying not to get involved or attached. Love for Christine is ritual. she has sex without emotion or attachment and she distances herself from anyone she could call a friend. This could also be a result of the lack of love she received as a child. As the plot moves on, she learns how to open her heart to Dave and the baby, and even Sue-Anne. In the end, building the house becomes her escape route from being desensitized. She begins to feel and show her positive emotions not just her, “super bitch,” side. Dave is unable to stay in one place for any long period og time and the stay in the country on his burnt house was going to be the same. For Dave seeing the progression of

In conclusion, life and death are symbolic in the plays, Garry’s house and the Seven Stages of grieving as they bring people together to care and look after each other. The relationship between these Australian characters and their environments are varied depending on their background, marital status and their age. These relationships that have been formed have been portrayed through the emotions of the characters with aid of dramatic forms, styles and conventions





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During the 17th and 18th centuries , countless numbers of immigrants,

mostly from Europe, sold themselves into bondage in exchange for passage to

America . When in America they were called indentured servants ,and would work




for the person who brought them over for a predetermined amount of time , in

order to pay for their passage .The amount of time a servant was bound for was

stated in the contract that they all had to sign , and was usually from four to seven

years , depending on the age , sex , and skill of the servant . It has been estimated

that nearly half of the white settlers in colonial America arrived there as

indentured servants ( Frazier, p.6 ) . In the southern plantations , where most

families had at least two servants performing manual labor , indentured servants

actually outnumbered the black slaves . Indentured servants played a huge role in

allowing many of the American colonies to prosper and grow ( Brenner , p.47 ) .

Indentured servitude allowed for both the farmers in America , and the immigrants

that sold themselves to the farmers , to benefit in their own ways .

Treatment of servants in America varied depending upon the landlord.

obligated to serve . Those who were lucky enough to have a fair and just landlord

had a much easier time . While in servitude they would be able to learn farming

skills and , if allowed to , apprentice under the landlord at their other businesses ,

such as law , printing , or medicine . When their time was up they would have the

chance to start their own businesses or someday their own farms . However , even

if an indentured servant did have a cruel landlord they would eventually be free

and would have the chance to lead a successful life , while slaves , on the other

hand , had no futures beyond being servants ( Warner , p.64 ) .

Many people’s motivation to immigrate to America was to escape religious

persecution . In many countries if you weren’t the religion of preference you

would be singled out as a heretic and be excluded from holding positions of

prominence , wealth , or power . America offered many a fresh chance to live a

new life where they would be able to succeed despite their would die poor . To those poor people the chance to

make a good life for themselves far overshadowed any negative aspects about

indentured servitude . These people didn’t really have any idea of what type of a

life they would be living when they arrived in America .

Each indentured servant , before leaving for America , had to sign a

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